Omaka Andrew U, Ezeigbo Amarachi
Abstract
Recent advancements in neuroprotection for glaucoma have shifted towards multifaceted approaches that target various aspects of the disease’s pathophysiology. Traditional strategies were primarily focused on lowering intraocular pressure (IOP), but emerging trends highlight the importance of preserving retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons. Novel therapeutics aim to enhance neurotrophic support, reduce excitotoxicity, and mitigate oxidative stress, complementing IOP-lowering therapies for comprehensive management. Stem cell therapies, neurotrophic factors, and gene therapies show promise in promoting RGC survival and axonal regeneration. Additionally, the repurposing of existing drugs, such as calcium channel blockers and anti-inflammatory agents, for neuroprotection in glaucoma underscores the importance of exploring diverse mechanisms. These innovative approaches represent a paradigm shift in glaucoma management, emphasising the need for a holistic approach targeting both IOP and neuroprotection to preserve vision effectively. Key words: retinal ganglion cells, oxidative stress, axonal regeneration, neurotrophic.